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Special thanks to the following people for helping us design the survey.

Which aspect of CSS do you struggle with the most? Percentage of rounds won by left-hand item against top-side item.

Which aspect of CSS do you struggle with the most? Results are ranked by number of tournament rounds won.

Which feature would you most like to be able to use in CSS today? Percentage of rounds won by left-hand item against top-side item.

Which feature would you most like to be able to use in CSS today? Results are ranked by number of tournament rounds won.

Which feature would you most like to be able to use in JavaScript today? Percentage of rounds won by left-hand item against top-side item.

Which feature would you most like to be able to use in JavaScript today? Results are ranked by number of tournament rounds won.

Which accessibility features do you usually implement?

Which form factors or environments do you test on?

What kind of project do you usually use CSS for?

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Yes, all data will be released publicly, but only after being purged of any identifying information (emails, usernames, IDs, etc.).

No, every question of the survey is optional and can freely be skipped.

Results are generally released a few weeks after the survey closes.

This survey is scheduled to run until {date}

Surveys are designed based on community feedback, as well as reviewed by experts. You can [learn more here](https://dev.to/sachagreif/how-the-state-of-js-css-surveys-are-run-4lnb).

Surveys are run by [Devographics](http://devographics.com) together with a collective of contributors, translators, and volunteers.

<code>role</code>, <code>aria-label</code>, etc.

<code>break-inside</code>, <code>break-before</code>, <code>break-after</code>

Better browser support for existing features.

<code>min()</code>, <code>max()</code>, and <code>clamp()</code>

Being able to write styles based on the parent container's dimensions.

In its simplest form, a decorator is simply a way of  wrapping one piece of code with another — literally “decorating” it.


Also includes <code>dir</code> HTML attribute.

Example: <code>await import('/modules/my-module.js')</code>


<code>min-content</code>, <code>max-content</code>, <code>fit-content</code>

Only allowing a predefined set of IP addresses to access an API.

<code>overflow-wrap</code>, <code>word-break</code>, <code>line-break</code>, <code>hyphens</code>

<code>margin-block-start</code>, <code>padding-inline-end</code>, etc.

Example: `const dogName = adventurer.dog?.name`


The ability to target a parent element based on its children.

Example: `class ClassWithPrivateField { #privateField }`


Only accept queries from a predefined list.

Put a ceiling on any pagination count passed as a query argument.

Analyzing a set of factors before deciding whether to allow a query.

Require authentication before any API access.

The ability to be more specific about where your styles are applied.

Nesting deeper-level subgrids into a parent grid.

Which of these CSS attributes selectors have you used?

Which of these combinations CSS selectors have you used?

Which of these form related CSS selectors have you used?

Which of these interaction CSS selectors have you used?

Which of these links & URLs related CSS selectors have you used?

Which of these CSS pseudo-elements have you used?

Which of these structure related CSS selectors have you used?

This year's {surveyName} survey is now open! {link}


The annual developer survey about the latest trends in CSS

The annual developer survey of the GraphQL ecosystem

The annual developer survey of the JavaScript ecosystem

Which aspect of JavaScript do you struggle with the most? Percentage of rounds won by left-hand item against top-side item.

Which aspect of JavaScript do you struggle with the most? Results are ranked by number of tournament rounds won.

Sorry, we couldn't find what you were looking for.

404 Not Found

Learning Curve

Rate of Change

Programming Language

For each matchup, pick the aspect of CSS you struggle with the most.

For each matchup, pick the feature you'd most like to be able to use in CSS today.

For each matchup, pick the feature you'd most like to be able to use in JavaScript today.

Enjoyment

For each matchup, pick the aspect of JavaScript you struggle with the most.

Selector Nesting

How would you sum up your opinion of CSS in one word?

Non-Semantic Classes

Are there any CSS features you have difficulties using  because of differences between browsers?


Features you'd like to see in JavaScript one day.

File organization, dead code elimination, refactoring, etc.

Differences between Chrome, Safari, Firefox, etc.

Customizing how form elements look and behave.

Responding to user input or other events (scroll, hover, etc.).

Setting up layouts and making sure elements go where you want them to.

Dealing with scrolling jank, making animations smoother, etc.

Adapting layouts and designs for different form factors.

Dealing with the cascade, overriding styles, etc.

A new `Temporal` object for working with dates and times.

Decorators used to metaprogram and add functionality to a value.

New deeply immutable data structures such as `Record` and `Tuple`.

A new `Observable`` type used to model push-based data sources.

A new `match` keyword for pattern-matching objects.

A new `|>` operator for passing the result of one function to another.

Native types (similar to what TypeScript offers).

Back-end Developer/Engineer

Back End Developer/Engineer

Front End Developer/Engineer

Full Stack Developer/Engineer

UI Designer

UX Designer

Web Designer

Web Developer

Organizing and maintaining your codebase.

Handling and manipulating dates and times.

Identifying and solving issues with your code.

Finding and evaluating JavaScript packages.

Managing dependencies, package versions and bundle sizes.

Managing global data state in complex applications.

Writing JavaScript modules and publishing them as packages.

Handling deprecated fields and other versioning concerns.

Caching data on the client, updating the cache, optimistic UI, etc.

Being able to combine together different API schemas.

Returning errors and managing them on the client.

Being able to upload files through your GraphQL API.

Performance issues such as the n+1 problem.

Security issues such as infinitely nested queries.

Only ever have to make a single request from the client.

Keep API responses smaller by specifying exactly the data you need.

The people who are active in the GraphQL space.

Being able to colocate a component's data requirements next to it.

Create self-documenting APIs that improve the developer experience.

The different tools, services, and libraries that use GraphQL.

Enforcing and validating types for every object in the API.

Is it good at creating accessible experiences for all users?

Does it have a welcoming, vibrant community built around it?

Is it backed by a well-known, well-funded, or experienced team?

Does it have good developer tools, a large plugin ecosystem, etc.?

Is it easy to learn and/or well-documented?

Is it currently generating a lot of buzz?

Does it help you create smooth, performant user experiences?

Is it a well-established option with a long track record?

Which tools do you use to combine, aggregate, or merge GraphQL schemas from different APIs?

Which databases do you use in conjunction with GraphQL?

Apps and services that help you query your GraphQL API.

Other tools, libraries, or services you use

Which language(s) do you use to write your GraphQL back-ends?

Web frameworks that you use in conjunction with GraphQL.

When first starting out, how did you initially learn JavaScript?

When first starting out, how did you initially learn GraphQL?

Which other developer surveys do you participate in?

People you read, follow, or just want to highlight.

People you read, follow, or just want to highlight for their work in the GraphQL ecosystem.

Which programming-related podcasts do you listen to?

Which GraphQL-related podcasts do you listen to?

Which GraphQL-related sites/courses/etc. do you use to learn about GraphQL?

Accessibility

Animations & Transforms

Back-end Frameworks

Browser APIs

Build Tools

Libraries that give you pre-made components and styles.

CSS Frameworks

Other CSS Frameworks

Libraries that help integrate CSS into JavaScript code.

CSS-in-JS

Other CSS-in-JS Libraries.

CSS Methodologies

Other CSS Methodologies.

Data Structures

Data Layer

Directives

Which environments and accessibility concerns do you consider when writing CSS?

Environments

Syntax, keywords, and other language features.

Features

Front-end Frameworks

ORMs, CMSes, and other tools that create an API for you.

API Generators

GraphQL Clients

Generators, schema builders, and other libraries that write part of your code for you.

Code & Schema Generators

Language

GraphQL Servers

Controlling how the user interacts with the page.

Interactions

JavaScript Flavors

How do you position elements on the screen?

Layout

Ways of adapting your site to the user's device or preferences.

Media Queries

JavaScript for mobile devices and desktop apps

Mobile & Desktop

Tools used to manage JavaScript monorepos.

Monorepo Tools

How do you feel about the state of {topic}?

Opinions

Other Features

For these tools & technologies, just check the ones that you use regularly.

Other Tools

Patterns

Pre-/Post-processors

Other Pre-/Post-processors

Trend Report

Resources

Libraries and utilities that help you build all or part of your GraphQL schema.

Schema Builders

Security & Performance

Controlling the shape and display of elements.

Shapes & Graphics

Syntax

Testing

Typography

Test your knowledge of CSS units and selectors.

Units & Selectors

GraphQL Usage

About You

Web Frameworks

Note that this question only targets [Angular](https://angular.io/) experience, and specifically does *not* apply to the deprecated [AngularJS](https://angularjs.org/).


On a scale of one (very unhappy) to five (very happy), how happy are you with the current overall state of things as it relates to the options listed above?


No dedicated GraphQL client (raw HTTP requests with Fetch, Axios, etc.)

Other options you use for the current section not mentioned in the list above.

Which browser(s) do you primarily work in during initial development?

Which other programming languages do you use?

Which package registries do you regularly fetch packages from?

Which engines/runtimes/execution environments do you regularly use?

Which text editor(s) do you regularly use?

For each matchup, pick the factor you prioritize when evaluating a new library.

Which utilities or tools do you regularly use?

What kind of APIs do you use GraphQL for?

What kind of clients connect to your APIs?

Which part(s) of your codebase do you generate programatically?

If you use code generation, which approaches do you tend to prefer?

Which kind of data sources are consumed by your GraphQL APIs?

How long have you been using GraphQL for?

Which industry sector(s) are you using GraphQL in?

What are your main pain points when using GraphQL?

What are the main reasons why you enjoy using GraphQL?

How proficient are you at back-end development?

How big is your company, in number of employees?

Which of the following disabilities do you experience, if any? Please check all that apply. Note that this can include temporary disabilities or injuries. 


You have filled out the survey anonymously. If you'd like, you can optionally enter your email to be able to access your data later on, and be notified when the survey results are published. 


Which of the following options describes you, if any? Please pick one.


We might use GitHub usernames in the future to look at repos and cross-reference publicly available information. 


Other industry sector(s) you work in not mentioned above.

Job Title

How do you introduce yourself to others?

Which of the following options describe you, if any? Please check all that apply.


We might use Twitter usernames in the future to look at Twitter activity and cross-reference publicly available information
 (such as the list of people you're following). 


How long have you been working or studying in this field, in years?

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